Spinal curvature disorders among primary and middle school students in Hohhot / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the incidence and associated factors of spinal curvature disorders among primary and middle school students in Hohhot, so as to provide reference for relevant prevention strategies.@*Methods@#According to the monitoring and intervention work of students common diseases in Inner Mongolia Autonomous, 13 586 primary and middle school students in Hohhot were selected by random sampling method to carry out scoliosis examination in September 2021.@*Results@#A total of 538( 4.0% ) students were found to have spinal curvature disorder. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that monitoring site, phases of studying, and persistent back pain in the past 1 month were associated of spinal curvature disorder in primary and middle school students ( OR =0.33, 1.74, 1.28, 1.51, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Spinal curvature disorder is relatively common in primary and middle school students in Hohhot. Effective measures should be taken to reduce the burden of spinal curvature disorders in primary and middle school students.

Establishment and capacity analysis of Hefei platelet donor bank with HPA and HLA high-resolution results / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To establish a platelet donor database with HPA and HLA high resolution results in Hefei area, and to analyze the appropriate pool capacity, so as to provide support for patients with immune PTR transfusion difficulties. 【Methods】 The HPA-1-6, -10, -15 and 21 genotypes of 1157 voluntary blood donors in Hefei were analyzed by multiplex PCR and the frequencies were calculated. HLA-A, -B high resolution gene frequency and haplotype frequency in 1115 voluntary blood donors in Hefei were calculated using maximum expected value method. 【Results】 Hefei database of platelet donors was established according to the analysis of HPA and HLA high-resolution gene polymorphisms in Hefei population.In the donor pool with 1 157 cases of known genotypes HPA-1-6, -10, -15, -21, about 91% of patients can find an donor with full-matched HPA genotype. In the donor pool with 1 115 cases of known HLA-A, -B high-resolution genotype, the probability of finding at least one identical donor is about 60%. 【Conclusion】 The local-suitable database of platelet donors with known HPA and HLA genotypes in Hefei has been established. After analysis, this database basically meets the needs of patients with immune PTR to find suitable platelets.

Distribution and haplotype polymorphism of HLA-A、-B、-C、-DRB1、-DQB1 alleles in Anhui Han population / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the distribution and haplotype polymorphism of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 alleles in Anhui Han population. 【Methods】 The HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 genotyping of 3 169 random unrelated stem cell donors was performed by PCR-SBT. The allele frequency, haplotype frequency and linkage imbalance parameters were calculated by counting method, maximum expectation algorithm and PyPop software. 【Results】 A total of 411 HLA alleles were detected in the population, of which 67, 143, 65, 75 and 64 alleles were detected for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1, respectively. The alleles with frequency >0.1 were HLA-A*11∶01, A*11∶01, A*24∶02, A*02∶01, C*01∶02, C*07∶02, C*06∶02, DRB1*09∶01, DRB1*15∶01, DRB1*07∶01, DQB1* 03∶01, DQB1* 03∶03, and DQB1*02∶01. 1426 HLA-A~HLA-B, 1 772 HLA-B~HLA-DRB1, 798 HLA-B~HLA-C, and 446 HLA-DRB1~HLA-DQB1 haplotypes were detected. The haplotypes showed linkage imbalance, and 19 of them showed strong linkage imbalance (RLD>0.80). 【Conclusion】 The frequency and haplotype distribution of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles in Anhui Han population were obtained. The distribution of those alleles and haplotypes have their own characteristics.

Expression of Galectin-1 in neuroblastoma tissues and its effect on cell proliferation and invasion / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression of Galectin-1 in neuroblastoma(NB)tissues and the effects of down-regulating this gene on cell proliferation and invasion.Methods:A total of 62 cases of NB children who had complete data and were initially treated at the Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical College from January 2010 to January 2018 were enrolled.The expression of Galectin-1 protein in NB tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.NB cell line SH-SY5Y was cultured and divided into the siRNA-Gal1 group (with Galection-1 transfected interference sequence siRNA-Gal1), siRNA-NC group (negative control sequence siRNA-NC was transfected) and blank group(without any treatment). The expression of Galectin-1, cell proliferation activity, and cell migration and invasiveness in 3 groups were detected by real-time quantitative PCR, cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay and Transwell assay, respectively.Western blot were used to detect the expressions of Galectin-1, E-cadherin and Vimentin proteins in 3 groups.Results:Among 62 cases, the positive expression rate of Galectin-1 protein was 69.35%.The positive expression rates of Galectin-1 protein in cells with grade of clinicopathological indexes of International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage of Ⅲ-Ⅳ, cells at high risk and cells with bone metastasis (78.57%, 78.05% and 84.00%)were significantly different from stage of Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅳs, cells at low risk and cells without bone metastasis (50.00%, 52.38%, 59.46%) (all P<0.05). Compared with the siRNA-NC group and the blank group, the expression of Galectin-1 mRNA(0.23±0.06 vs.1.04±0.05 and 1.00±0.08)and protein(0.23±0.05 vs.0.86±0.06 and 0.84±0.05)in the siRNA-Gal1 group was significantly decreased(all P<0.05). The cell optical density(OD)values at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h in the siRNA-Gal1 group were significantly lower than those in the siRNA-NC group and the blank group(all P<0.05). Compared with the siRNA-NC group and the blank group, the siRNA-Gal1 group showed a significant decrease in cell migration(101.55±5.56 vs.137.24±5.14 and 132.76±7.46)and invasion(78.21±5.08 vs.114.46±7.31 and 120.06±6.47, all P<0.001). The expression level of Vimentin protein in the siRNA-Gal1 group was significantly lower than that in the siRNA-NC group and the blank group(0.24±0.03 vs.0.69±0.07 and 0.70±0.06)(all P<0.05), while the expression level of E-cadherin protein in the siRNA-Gal1 group was significantly higher than that in other 2 groups(0.77±0.09 vs.0.29±0.05 and 0.33±0.04)(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The positive expression rate of Galectin-1 protein in NB tissues is 69.35%, which indicates that Galectin-1 might be involved in the malignant process of NB.Silencing the expression of Galectin-1 gene can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of NB cells, and the mechanism may be related the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Changes of white matter in LDLR knockout hypercholesterolemic rats / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the difference between histopathological changes of brain white matter in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) homozygous mutation rats with hypercholesterolemia and wild-type rats.Methods Thirty LDLR-/-rats and 28 wild-type rats were selected.Plasma cholesterol levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 15,18 and 26 weeks old respectively.The axonal structure of the corpus callosum area was observed by transmission electron microscopy.The myelin basic protein (MBP) of the corpus callosum area was quantitatively analyzed by Western blotting.In addition,at 26 weeks old,the myelin sheaths were stained by fast blue staining.The expression level of MBP in white matter was further detected by immunofluorescence staining,and the morphological changes of glial cells were observed.Results Compared with the wild-type rats,the plasma cholesterol concentration in LDLR-/-rats increased significantly,and it could be as high as 3.3 times at 26 weeks.The results of electron microscopy showed that the LDLR-/-rats had axonal injury at 15 weeks and aggravated gradually over time.At 26 weeks,Western blot analysis of the LDLR-/-rats showed that the MBP expression level of the corpus callosum area decreased significantly.Fast blue staining showed loosening of nerve fibers,diffuse vacuole formation,and myelinated nerve fiber loss in the corpus callosum area.In addition,it was also found that the number of oligodendrocytes in LDLR-/-rats was significantly reduced,and large numbers of astrocytes and microglia were activated.Conclusions LDLR-/-rats will have spontaneous hypercholesterolemia.Axonal injury,demyelination,decreased oligodendrocytes,as well as the abnormal activation of astrocytes and microglia are present in the early adult brain white matter area.

Animal models of white matter lesions / 国际脑血管病杂志

White matter lesion is a major subtype of cerebral small vessel disease. Its pathophysiology and mechanism remain unclear. Because the risk factors often coexist in clinical research, it is difficult to judge the relationship between certain risk factors and white matter injury. Moreover, due to the differences in animal and human brain tissue structure, there is currently a lack of reproducible animal models of white matter lesions. Therefore, establishing a practical animal model and further exploring the pathogenesis and risk factors of white matter lesions from the basic research level is crucial for the preclinical study of the treatment of white matter damage. This article reviews the characteristics, optimization measures, and application prospects of the white matter lesion models.

Relationship between lesion location and onset symptoms of cerebral infarction caused by acute basilar arterial occlusion / 医学研究生学报

Objective The clinical manifestations of cerebral infarction caused by acute basilar arterial occlusion are complex.The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between lesion location and onset symptoms of cerebral infarction caused by acute basilar arterial occlusion.Methods Fifty three patients diagnosed with cerebral infarction caused by acute artery occlusion were collected from Nanjing Stroke Registry.They were hospitalized in Jinling Hospital from January 2007 to July 2016 and were divided into sudden onset group and progressive onset group.Their clinical and digital subtraction angiography data were analyzed retrospectively.Results Middle and distal segment of the basilar artery occlusions were usually found in sudden onset group.Patients in progressive onset group were more likely to present with proximal segment of the basilar artery occlusions.Significant statistical difference was found between two groups (P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the symptoms of patients with proximal segment basilar artery occlusion tended to be progressive onset, compared with patients affected by distal segment occlusion (OR=14.77,95%CI:1.57-139.00, P=0.019).Conclusion There was significant relationship between lesion location and onset symptoms of cerebral infarction caused by acute basilar arterial occlusion.Early diagnosis and timely treatment may improve clinical prognosis in patients.

Study on the application of International Reference Price in drug price monitoring: A case study of Canada / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:This paper aims to analyze the monitoring model of Canadian drug price monitoring mod-el based on the international reference price, and make reference for China. Methods: Through policy analysis and literature research, the system combs the specific Canadian practices of using the international reference prices for the drug price monitoring. Results:For the introduction of new drug prices, Canada uses the international median price comparison test, the highest international price comparison test, the treatment category comparison test and the inter-national treatment category comparison test. For the listed drugs, Canada calculates the international price ratio, and then carries out bilateral comparisons and multilateral comparisons to monitor the prices of drugs already on the mar-ket. At present, Canada has achieved effective monitoring of drug prices, that is to say, the introduction of new drug prices complies with the《Excessive Price Guide》;the patented drugs prices are lower than the designed international price;the price difference between the generic drug and the international level has gradually reduced. Conclusions:The Canadian experience is worth learning, and China should add legislative about drug price monitoring, learn from this experience to identify and monitor the varieties and establish the price monitoring and early warning mechanism with the international reference price as the warning indicator.

Early adverse outcomes in young patients with ischemic stroke:an analysis of the related factors / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the related factors of early adverse outcomes in young patients with ischemic stroke.Methods From January 2006 to June 2016,685 young patients (18-45 years old) with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology,Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command were enrolled retrospectively.They were diagnosed as the first onset with head CT or MRI.According to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 90 d,the patients were divided into a favorable outcome (mRS 0-2) group (n=554) and a poor outcome (mRS 3-6) group (n=131).The collection of clinical data were completed on the day of admission,including the risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (oral contraceptives,etc),the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score on admission,the mean systolic blood pressure (>140 mmHg was analyzed) and laboratory examination.The stroke subtypes were classified with the trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) classification criteria.Univariate analysis was used to analyze the difference of clinical data between groups,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for early poor outcomes.Results Compared with the favorable outcome group,the patients with the ratio of mean systolic pressure >140 mmHg in the first 3 d after hospitalization (37.4% [49/131] vs.21.7% [120/554],χ2=14.131),NIHSS score on admission (10.0 [7.0,14.0] vs.1.5 [0,3.0],Z=-15.300),white blood cell count (7.5 [6.0,9.0] ×109/L vs.6.8 [5.7,8.2] ×109/L,Z=-3.157),fasting glucose (4.9 [4.6,6.0] mmol/L vs.4.8 [4.4,5.3] mmol/L,Z=-2.726),higher fibrinogen level (2.8 [2.3,3.4] g/L vs.2.6 [2.3,3.2] g/L,Z=-2.018,blood uric acid level (291[220,346] mmol/L vs.315 [261,374] mmol/L,Z=-3.443),and plasma albumin level (43.1[40.0,45.9] g/L vs.44.8 [42.4,47.4] g/L,Z=-4.708) were decreased in the poor outcome group.There were significant differences between the two groups (all P0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher NIHSS score on admission (OR,1.474,95%CI 1.378-1.576,P140 mmHg at the first 3 d after admission (OR,2.134,95%CI 1.210-3.764,P=0.009) and the cardioembolism(OR,4.902,95%CI 1.073-22.222,P=0.040) were the risk factors for early poor outcome,and the elevated plasma albumin level (OR,0.902,95%CI 0.850-0.956,P=0.001) was a protective factor of early favorable outcome.Conclusion The higher NIHSS score at admission,the cardioembolism and the increased mean systolic blood pressure in the first 3 d after admission may result in early poor outcome in young patients with ischemic stroke,while the elevated plasma albumin level is beneficial to the early outcome.

Human albumin attenuates Mincle-associated early neuroinflammatory injury in subarachnoid hemorrhage rats / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the protective role of human serum albumin in treatment of monocyte-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle)-associated neuroinflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) rats and its underlying mechanisms.Methods Vascular perforation model was used to induce SAH.Ninety-two male SD rats were randomly assigned to sham (n =23),vehicle (n =23),low-dose albumin (0.63 g/kg,n =23) and high-dose albumin (1.25 g/kg,n =23) groups.Saline and albumin were intravenously injected into rats two hours after surgery.Modified Garcia scale was employed to assess neurological functions.Iba-1 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining was used to examine the activation of microglial cells and infiltration of neutrophils.Real-time PCR was applied to determine the changes of IL-1β,inducible nitric oxide synthase,CD11b,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 and CXC motif chemokine ligand-2 mRNA levels.Co-immunoprecipitation was conducted to assess the binding ability of albumin with Mincle.Immunoblotting was carried out to evaluate protein levels of Minlce,Syk and p-Syk.SAH severity measurement was performed before conductions of all the experiments.Results SAH severity scores were 11.4 ± 1.6,12.8 ±2.5 and 11.2 ±3.2 in the vehicle,low-dose albumin and high-dose albumin groups,respectively,without statistically significant difference among groups (F =0.694,P =0.516).Neurological score was 7.5 ± 2.9 in the vehicle group,while the low-dose albumin (14.6 ± 2.2) and high-dose albumin groups (13.6 ± 2.7) exhibited better neurological perfomance (P ＜ 0.01).Immunostaining showed that albumin significantly inhibited the activation of microglia,and reduced the percentage of MPO positive cells from 20.7％ ± 1.9％ in the vehicle group to 12.1％ ±2.1％ in the low-dose albumin group and 9.8％ ±0.9％ in the high-dose albunin group (F =32.216,P =0.001).mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factors were also suppressed by albumin (P ＜ 0.05).The results of co-immunoprecipitation displayed that albumin could directly bind Mincle and disrupt the association between Mincle and SAP130.Immunoblotting demonstrated that albumin depressed the protein levels of Mincle,Syk and p-Syk.Conclusion Human serum albumin can inhibit Mincle/Syk-induced neuroinflammation via directly binding Mincle receptor in SAH rats.